Direct Calving Ease (D. CE):
An estimate of calving ease of calves sired by or out of this individual, basically the size, shape, etc., of the calf produced by this individual. For bulls this is the expected calving ease (or ease of birth) compared to other bulls when mated to equal cows. For females this is the expected calving ease of a calf she might produce excluding here own maternal influence (estimated as maternal calving ease below). In other words, this is the relative ease of being born of calves conceived by the female with maternal calving factors equalized.